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| Penelitian Tindakan× | Riset Kelompok Diskusi Terpumpun× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang≠ | Penelitian Kualitatif | Kualitatif |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1946 | 1940s (sociological origin); modern applied form from the 1980s–1990s |
| Pencetus≠ | Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury | Robert K. Merton (sociological precursor, 1940s); popularised in applied research by Richard A. Krueger |
| Tipe≠ | Method | Qualitative data collection method |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46. DOI ↗ | Krueger, R.A. & Casey, M.A. (2014). Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research (5th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1483365244 |
| Alias≠ | Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry | focus group discussion, FGD, group interview, Odak Grup Araştırması |
| Terkait≠ | 1 | 6 |
| Ringkasan≠ | Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement. | Focus group research is a qualitative data-collection method in which a trained moderator guides structured discussions with homogeneous groups of six to ten participants to explore ideas, attitudes, and perceptions on a defined topic. Developed from sociological roots in the 1940s and systematised for applied research by Krueger and Casey, the method leverages group interaction as a data source — revealing not just what people think, but how they negotiate and articulate views in a social setting. |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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