Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a comprehensive self-report questionnaire developed by Buysse and colleagues in 1989 to assess sleep quality and sleep disturbances. The PSQI comprises 19 items aggregated into seven components that evaluate sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, daytime dysfunction, and use of sleep medications. It is one of the most widely used instruments for both clinical sleep assessment and sleep research.
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- Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Research, 28(2), 193-213. · DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4
- Carpenter, J. S., & Andrykowski, M. A. (1998). Psychometric evaluation of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 45(1), 5-13. · DOI 10.1016/S0022-3999(97)00298-5
- Backhaus, J., Junghanns, K., Broocks, A., Riemann, D., & Hohagen, F. (2002). Test-retest reliability and validity of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in primary insomnia. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53(3), 737-740. · DOI 10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00330-6
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