Cross-sectional ex post facto design
A cross-sectional ex post facto design investigates presumed causal relationships by comparing groups that already differ on a key characteristic — all measured at a single point in time. Because the independent variable (e.g., smoking history, prior educational attainment) has already occurred and cannot be manipulated, the researcher works backward from observed outcomes to infer probable antecedents. It is widely used in education, public health, and the social sciences when experimental control is ethically or practically impossible.
Izvorni zapis
Citati kopirani doslovno iz izvornog zapisa metode. Ne impliciraju nikakvu provjeru na razini tvrdnje.
- Kerlinger, F. N. (1973). Foundations of Behavioral Research (2nd ed.). Holt, Rinehart and Winston. · ISBN 978-0030862731
- Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2009). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill. · ISBN 978-0073525960
Uređene tvrdnje
Tvrdnje pohranjene u knjigu dokaza, svaka s vlastitom procjenom.
Ovaj prikaz ne izmišlja procjenu tvrdnje kada knjiga dokaza nema nijednu.
Povezane metode
Generirano iz grafa metode i prikazano kao strojno predložene relacije — ne implicira se nikakva tvrdnja dokaza.