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	विज़ुअल एलिसिटेशन डिजिटल एथनोग्राफी (Visual Elicitation Digital Ethnography)	सहभागी क्रिया अनुसंधान (PAR)
क्षेत्र	गुणात्मक	गुणात्मक
परिवार	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
उद्भव वर्ष	2000s–2010s	1940s (Lewin); PAR as distinct tradition formalised ~1970s–1980s
प्रवर्तक	Synthesized from Douglas Harper (photo elicitation, 2002) and Sarah Pink (visual ethnography, 2001/2007)	Kurt Lewin (action research foundations, 1940s); systematised for participatory contexts by Orlando Fals Borda, Paulo Freire, and William Foote Whyte
प्रकार	Qualitative research design	Qualitative research method
मौलिक स्रोत	Pink, S. (2007). Doing Visual Ethnography: Images, Media and Representation in Research (2nd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1412929523	Kemmis, S., McTaggart, R., & Nixon, R. (2014). The Action Research Planner: Doing Critical Participatory Action Research. Springer.
उपनाम	VEDE, digital photo elicitation ethnography, visual digital ethnography, image-based digital ethnography	PAR, community-based participatory research, collaborative action research, participatory inquiry
संबंधित	3	6
सारांश	Visual elicitation digital ethnography is a qualitative research design that embeds visual elicitation techniques — using photographs, videos, or digital images as interview stimuli — within digital ethnographic fieldwork conducted in online or digitally mediated environments. Participants produce or select visual materials from their digital lives, which are then used to elicit in-depth talk about meanings, identities, and practices that verbal questioning alone often fails to surface.	Participatory Action Research (PAR) is a qualitative, community-centred methodology in which researchers and community members collaborate as co-investigators to identify a shared problem, take deliberate action, observe outcomes, and reflect critically on results — cycling iteratively until meaningful change is achieved. Unlike conventional research that studies people from the outside, PAR treats participants as active agents who co-own the research process, the knowledge produced, and the practical interventions that follow.