विधियों की तुलना करें
चुनी हुई विधियों की आमने-सामने समीक्षा करें; भिन्नता वाली पंक्तियाँ रेखांकित हैं।
| समूह पर्यावरण प्रश्नावली (जीईक्यू)× | स्पोर्ट्स में कार्य और अहंकार अभिविन्यास प्रश्नावली (TEOSQ)× | |
|---|---|---|
| क्षेत्र | खेल मनोविज्ञान | खेल मनोविज्ञान |
| परिवार | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| उद्भव वर्ष≠ | 1985 | 1992 |
| प्रवर्तक≠ | Albert Carron, W. Neil Widmeyer, Lawrence Brawley | Joan Duda, John Nicholls |
| प्रकार≠ | Self-report team/group cohesion questionnaire | Self-report achievement goal orientation questionnaire |
| मौलिक स्रोत≠ | Carron, A. V., Widmeyer, W. N., & Brawley, L. R. (1985). The development of an instrument to assess cohesiveness in sport teams: The Group Environment Questionnaire. Journal of Sport Psychology, 7(3), 244–266. DOI ↗ | Duda, J. L., & Nicholls, J. G. (1992). Dimensions of achievement motivation in schoolwork and sport. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84(3), 290–299. DOI ↗ |
| उपनाम≠ | GEQ, Team Cohesion, Group Cohesion | TEOSQ, Task Ego Orientation |
| संबंधित | 4 | 4 |
| सारांश≠ | The GEQ is an 18-item instrument measuring team cohesion—the degree to which team members feel attracted to the group and perceive the group as unified around shared task and social goals. Developed by Carron, Widmeyer, and Brawley in 1985, the GEQ has become the gold standard for measuring cohesion in sport teams and is used to predict team performance, member satisfaction, and team retention. | The TEOSQ is a 13-item questionnaire measuring achievement goal orientation in sport: the underlying reasons athletes define success and pursue achievement. Developed by Duda and Nicholls in 1992, the TEOSQ has become a cornerstone instrument for understanding athlete motivation, resilience, and response to failure. |
| ScholarGateडेटासेट ↗ |
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