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	संरचनात्मक विराम एডিএফ इकाई मूल परीक्षण	संरचनात्मक विराम ग्रेंजर कार्य-कारणता
क्षेत्र	अर्थमिति	अर्थमिति
परिवार	Regression model	Regression model
उद्भव वर्ष	1989-1992	1995-2010
प्रवर्तक	Perron (1989); Zivot and Andrews (1992)	Granger (1969) causality framework extended by Toda & Yamamoto (1995) and Balcilar et al. (2010)
प्रकार	Unit root test with structural break	Hypothesis test / time-series model
मौलिक स्रोत	Perron, P. (1989). The great crash, the oil price shock, and the unit root hypothesis. Econometrica, 57(6), 1361-1401.	Toda, H. Y., & Yamamoto, T. (1995). Statistical inference in vector autoregressions with possibly integrated processes. Journal of Econometrics, 66(1-2), 225-250.
उपनाम	ADF with structural break, Perron unit root test, break-augmented ADF, unit root test with structural change	break-robust Granger causality, Granger causality under regime change, time-varying Granger causality, structural change Granger test
संबंधित	6	3
सारांश	The structural break ADF unit root test extends the standard Augmented Dickey-Fuller test to allow for one or more discrete shifts in the level or trend of a time series. Because ignoring a structural break inflates the apparent persistence of a series, this test prevents false acceptance of the unit root null when the series is actually stationary around a shifting mean or trend.	Structural break Granger causality extends the classic Granger causality framework to accommodate regime shifts and parameter instability in time series. By detecting break points and testing causality within sub-samples or via rolling/recursive windows, it reveals whether a predictive relationship between variables switches on, switches off, or changes direction over time.