विधियों की तुलना करें

	साइनोनासल आउटकम टेस्ट-22	मेडिकल रिसर्च काउंसिल डिस्प्निया स्केल
क्षेत्र	फुफ्फुस विज्ञान	फुफ्फुस विज्ञान
परिवार	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
उद्भव वर्ष	2009	1959
प्रवर्तक	Claire Hopkins, King's College London	Medical Research Council (UK)
प्रकार	Self-report questionnaire	Clinician or self-rated ordinal scale
मौलिक स्रोत	Hopkins, C., Gillett, S., Slack, R., Lund, V. J., & Browne, J. P. (2009). Psychometric validity of the 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test. Clinical Otolaryngology, 34(5), 447-454.	Van Swieten, J. C., Koudstaal, P. J., Visser, M. C., Schouten, H. J., & van Gijn, J. (1988). Interobserver agreement for the assessment of handicap in stroke patients. Stroke, 19(5), 604-607.
उपनाम	SNOT-22, SNOT	MRC, MRC Dyspnea, Modified Borg
संबंधित	5	5
सारांश	The SNOT-22 is a 22-item disease-specific quality-of-life questionnaire designed to assess sino-nasal symptoms and their functional impact on patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, nasal polyposis, and allied conditions. Developed by Hopkins and colleagues at King's College London in 2009, it has become the most widely used instrument for measuring sino-nasal disease burden in clinical trials and rhinological practice. The SNOT-22 provides rapid, patient-centered assessment of both nasal-specific symptoms (congestion, drainage, sneezing) and general health impacts (sleep, headache, concentration).	The MRC Dyspnoea Scale is a simple 5-grade ordinal classification of dyspnea severity based on the exertional threshold at which breathlessness limits activity. Developed by the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) in 1959, it remains one of the most widely used dyspnea assessments globally due to its brevity, ease of administration, and strong prognostic correlation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other chronic respiratory diseases. The scale is used in clinical practice, epidemiological surveys, and longitudinal disease monitoring to grade symptom severity and guide treatment intensity.