विधियों की तुलना करें
चुनी हुई विधियों की आमने-सामने समीक्षा करें; भिन्नता वाली पंक्तियाँ रेखांकित हैं।
| क्रमिक / समूह क्रमिक परीक्षण डिज़ाइन× | अनुकूली नैदानिक परीक्षण डिजाइन× | |
|---|---|---|
| क्षेत्र | प्रयोगात्मक अभिकल्प | प्रयोगात्मक अभिकल्प |
| परिवार | Hypothesis test | Hypothesis test |
| उद्भव वर्ष≠ | 1979 | 1994 |
| प्रवर्तक≠ | O'Brien & Fleming; Pocock; Lan & DeMets | Bauer & Köhne |
| प्रकार≠ | Adaptive stopping trial design | Adaptive hypothesis test with interim analyses |
| मौलिक स्रोत≠ | O'Brien, P.C. & Fleming, T.R. (1979). A Multiple Testing Procedure for Clinical Trials. Biometrics, 35(3), 549–556. DOI ↗ | Bauer, P. & Köhne, K. (1994). Evaluation of Experiments with Adaptive Interim Analyses. Biometrics, 50(4), 1029–1041. DOI ↗ |
| उपनाम≠ | group sequential design, adaptive stopping design, Ardışık Deneme Tasarımı (Sequential / Group Sequential) | adaptive design, group sequential design, sample size re-estimation, platform trial |
| संबंधित | 3 | 3 |
| सारांश≠ | Sequential and group sequential trial designs allow a study to be stopped early — or continued — based on interim analyses conducted as data accumulate. The core framework was formalised by O'Brien and Fleming in 1979 and extended by Lan and DeMets's alpha-spending approach, and it controls the overall Type I error rate across all planned looks by pre-specifying both efficacy and futility boundaries before enrolment begins. | Adaptive clinical trial design is a flexible experimental framework, formalised by Bauer and Köhne in 1994, in which pre-specified rules allow the trial to be modified mid-course — adjusting sample size, treatment arms, or randomisation ratios — based on accumulating interim data while rigorously controlling the Type I error rate. |
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