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	सशक्त स्थानिक स्वसहसंबंध	गेरी का C
क्षेत्र	स्थानिक विश्लेषण	स्थानिक विश्लेषण
परिवार	Regression model	Regression model
उद्भव वर्ष	1981–1995	1954
प्रवर्तक	Cliff & Ord; extended by Anselin and colleagues	Roy C. Geary
प्रकार	Spatial dependence test (robust variant)	Spatial autocorrelation statistic
मौलिक स्रोत	Anselin, L., & Florax, R. J. G. M. (1995). Small sample properties of tests for spatial dependence in regression models: some further results. In Anselin, L. & Florax, R. J. G. M. (Eds.), New Directions in Spatial Econometrics. Springer, Berlin.	Geary, R. C. (1954). The Contiguity Ratio and Statistical Mapping. The Incorporated Statistician, 5(3), 115–145.
उपनाम	robust Moran's I, robust spatial dependence test, outlier-resistant spatial autocorrelation, RSA	Geary contiguity ratio, Geary C statistic, spatial contiguity ratio, Geary's c
संबंधित	5	4
सारांश	Robust spatial autocorrelation methods measure the degree to which nearby geographic units share similar values, while explicitly controlling for the distorting influence of spatial outliers and extreme observations. They extend classical statistics such as Moran's I by down-weighting or trimming observations that would otherwise inflate or deflate the autocorrelation signal.	Geary's C is a global spatial autocorrelation statistic that measures whether nearby areal units share similar attribute values. Unlike Moran's I, it focuses on squared differences between adjacent pairs rather than cross-products of deviations from the mean, making it more sensitive to local dissimilarity and less influenced by global trends.