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	Robust Moran's I	स्थानिक स्वसहसंबंध
क्षेत्र	स्थानिक विश्लेषण	स्थानिक विश्लेषण
परिवार	Regression model	Regression model
उद्भव वर्ष	1990s–2000s	1950
प्रवर्तक	Extension of Moran (1950); robust adaptations developed in spatial statistics literature	P. A. P. Moran (global measure, 1950); Roy Geary (Geary's C, 1954); Luc Anselin (LISA, 1995)
प्रकार	Robust spatial autocorrelation statistic	Spatial statistic / exploratory spatial data analysis
मौलिक स्रोत	Anselin, L. (1995). Local indicators of spatial association—LISA. Geographical Analysis, 27(2), 93–115.	Moran, P. A. P. (1950). Notes on continuous stochastic phenomena. Biometrika, 37(1/2), 17–23.
उपनाम	outlier-resistant Moran's I, robust spatial autocorrelation test, median-based Moran statistic, robust global spatial association	spatial dependence, geographic autocorrelation, spatial clustering measure, SA
संबंधित	6	5
सारांश	Robust Moran's I is an outlier-resistant adaptation of the classic Moran's I spatial autocorrelation statistic. By replacing the standard mean-based standardization with resistant measures of center and spread, it detects genuine geographic clustering without being distorted by a small number of extreme values in the attribute of interest.	Spatial autocorrelation quantifies the degree to which a variable's values at nearby locations resemble each other more (positive autocorrelation) or less (negative autocorrelation) than expected by chance. Global indices such as Moran's I summarise the pattern across the entire study area, while local variants reveal clusters and outliers at the level of individual observations.