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	Robust Moran's I	मजबूत स्थानीय स्थानिक सहसंबंध सूचक (Robust LISA)
क्षेत्र	स्थानिक विश्लेषण	स्थानिक विश्लेषण
परिवार	Regression model	Regression model
उद्भव वर्ष	1990s–2000s	1995–2000s
प्रवर्तक	Extension of Moran (1950); robust adaptations developed in spatial statistics literature	Anselin (LISA, 1995); robust extensions by Assuncao & Reis and subsequent spatial statisticians
प्रकार	Robust spatial autocorrelation statistic	Local spatial autocorrelation statistic (robust variant)
मौलिक स्रोत	Anselin, L. (1995). Local indicators of spatial association—LISA. Geographical Analysis, 27(2), 93–115.	Anselin, L. (1995). Local indicators of spatial association—LISA. Geographical Analysis, 27(2), 93–115.
उपनाम	outlier-resistant Moran's I, robust spatial autocorrelation test, median-based Moran statistic, robust global spatial association	Robust LISA, outlier-resistant LISA, robust local spatial autocorrelation, LISA with robust weights
संबंधित	6	6
सारांश	Robust Moran's I is an outlier-resistant adaptation of the classic Moran's I spatial autocorrelation statistic. By replacing the standard mean-based standardization with resistant measures of center and spread, it detects genuine geographic clustering without being distorted by a small number of extreme values in the attribute of interest.	Robust Local Indicators of Spatial Association extend Anselin's LISA framework to handle outliers, extreme values, and spatially heterogeneous populations. By applying outlier-resistant adjustments to the spatial weights or the standardised values, Robust LISA identifies statistically significant local clusters and spatial outliers without the distortions caused by highly influential observations.