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	मजबूत स्थानीय स्थानिक सहसंबंध सूचक (Robust LISA)	स्थानीय गियरिस सी
क्षेत्र	स्थानिक विश्लेषण	स्थानिक विश्लेषण
परिवार	Regression model	Regression model
उद्भव वर्ष	1995–2000s	1995
प्रवर्तक	Anselin (LISA, 1995); robust extensions by Assuncao & Reis and subsequent spatial statisticians	Luc Anselin
प्रकार	Local spatial autocorrelation statistic (robust variant)	Local spatial statistic
मौलिक स्रोत	Anselin, L. (1995). Local indicators of spatial association—LISA. Geographical Analysis, 27(2), 93–115.	Anselin, L. (1995). Local indicators of spatial association — LISA. Geographical Analysis, 27(2), 93–115.
उपनाम	Robust LISA, outlier-resistant LISA, robust local spatial autocorrelation, LISA with robust weights	Local Geary, local spatial contiguity ratio, LISA Geary, local c statistic
संबंधित	6	6
सारांश	Robust Local Indicators of Spatial Association extend Anselin's LISA framework to handle outliers, extreme values, and spatially heterogeneous populations. By applying outlier-resistant adjustments to the spatial weights or the standardised values, Robust LISA identifies statistically significant local clusters and spatial outliers without the distortions caused by highly influential observations.	Local Geary's C is a local indicator of spatial association (LISA) that measures, for each location, how dissimilar its value is from its immediate neighbours. Unlike Local Moran's I, which detects clustering of similar values, Local Geary's C focuses on squared value differences and is especially sensitive to local spatial outliers and local heterogeneity.