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	Robust Geary's C	मजबूत स्थानीय स्थानिक सहसंबंध सूचक (Robust LISA)
क्षेत्र	स्थानिक विश्लेषण	स्थानिक विश्लेषण
परिवार	Regression model	Regression model
उद्भव वर्ष	1954 (base); robust variants: 1990s–2000s	1995–2000s
प्रवर्तक	Geary (1954); robust extensions by Anselin and spatial statisticians	Anselin (LISA, 1995); robust extensions by Assuncao & Reis and subsequent spatial statisticians
प्रकार	Robust spatial autocorrelation statistic	Local spatial autocorrelation statistic (robust variant)
मौलिक स्रोत	Geary, R. C. (1954). The contiguity ratio and statistical mapping. The Incorporated Statistician, 5(3), 115–145.	Anselin, L. (1995). Local indicators of spatial association—LISA. Geographical Analysis, 27(2), 93–115.
उपनाम	robust Geary contiguity ratio, outlier-resistant Geary's C, robust spatial contiguity statistic, robust Geary C	Robust LISA, outlier-resistant LISA, robust local spatial autocorrelation, LISA with robust weights
संबंधित	6	6
सारांश	Robust Geary's C adapts the classical Geary contiguity ratio — a measure of spatial autocorrelation based on pairwise squared differences between neighbouring locations — to resist distortion by spatial outliers and influential observations. It retains the local sensitivity of Geary's C while producing more reliable inferences when the spatial data contain extreme values or non-normal distributions.	Robust Local Indicators of Spatial Association extend Anselin's LISA framework to handle outliers, extreme values, and spatially heterogeneous populations. By applying outlier-resistant adjustments to the spatial weights or the standardised values, Robust LISA identifies statistically significant local clusters and spatial outliers without the distortions caused by highly influential observations.