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	सशक्त आवृत्ति विश्लेषण	आवृत्ति विश्लेषण (Frequency Analysis)
क्षेत्र	सांख्यिकी	सांख्यिकी
परिवार	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
उद्भव वर्ष	1970s–1980s (foundations); applied to frequency analysis throughout the 1990s–2000s	19th century
प्रवर्तक	Huber, Hampel, Wilcox and the robust statistics tradition	Classical statistics (no single inventor)
प्रकार	Robust descriptive and inferential procedure	Descriptive summary
मौलिक स्रोत	Wilcox, R. R. (2012). Introduction to Robust Estimation and Hypothesis Testing (3rd ed.). Academic Press. ISBN: 978-0123869838	Field, A. (2013). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics (4th ed.). SAGE. ISBN: 978-1446249185
उपनाम	robust count analysis, outlier-resistant frequency analysis, robust distributional analysis	frequency distribution, frequency table, tally analysis, count analysis
संबंधित	3	3
सारांश	Robust frequency analysis applies outlier-resistant estimation and resampling or exact methods to the counting and tabulation of categorical data, reducing the distortion caused by extreme observations, sparse cells, or violations of large-sample assumptions that can make conventional frequency summaries misleading.	Frequency analysis is a fundamental descriptive technique that tallies how often each distinct value or category appears in a dataset. It produces absolute counts, relative percentages, and cumulative frequencies, giving an immediate picture of how observations are distributed across categories. It is the natural first step when exploring categorical or discrete variables before applying inferential tests.