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	मजबूत वर्णनात्मक सांख्यिकी	मजबूत एक-तरफ़ा एनोवा
क्षेत्र	सांख्यिकी	सांख्यिकी
परिवार	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
उद्भव वर्ष	1960s–1970s	1951 (Welch); 1990s–2000s (trimmed-mean variants)
प्रवर्तक	John W. Tukey, Peter J. Huber, Frank Hampel	B. L. Welch; R. R. Wilcox (trimmed-mean extension)
प्रकार	Resistant summary measures	Robust parametric group comparison
मौलिक स्रोत	Tukey, J. W. (1977). Exploratory Data Analysis. Addison-Wesley. ISBN: 978-0201076165	Wilcox, R. R. (2012). Introduction to Robust Estimation and Hypothesis Testing (3rd ed.). Academic Press. ISBN: 978-0123869838
उपनाम	resistant statistics, outlier-resistant summary statistics, robust summary measures, robust location and scale estimation	trimmed-mean ANOVA, Welch one-way ANOVA, heteroscedastic one-way ANOVA, robust ANOVA
संबंधित	5	2
सारांश	Robust descriptive statistics summarize the location, spread, and shape of a dataset using measures that remain meaningful even when a fraction of the data contains outliers or severe departures from normality. Core tools include the median, trimmed mean, interquartile range (IQR), and median absolute deviation (MAD), all of which are resistant to contamination that would distort the classic mean and standard deviation.	Robust one-way ANOVA compares the central tendency of three or more independent groups while resisting the distorting effects of outliers and heterogeneous variances. By replacing ordinary means with trimmed means and ordinary variances with Winsorized variances, it maintains accurate Type I error control and strong power when classical ANOVA assumptions are violated.