विधियों की तुलना करें
चुनी हुई विधियों की आमने-सामने समीक्षा करें; भिन्नता वाली पंक्तियाँ रेखांकित हैं।
| जोखिम-समायोजित अनुप्रस्थ-काट्य महामारी विज्ञान अध्ययन× | केस-कंट्रोल अध्ययन× | |
|---|---|---|
| क्षेत्र | महामारी विज्ञान | महामारी विज्ञान |
| परिवार | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| उद्भव वर्ष≠ | 1990s (risk-adjustment integration); cross-sectional design foundational since mid-20th century | 1950s (formal methodology); precursors in the 1920s |
| प्रवर्तक≠ | Rooted in classical cross-sectional epidemiology (Doll, Hill, Lilienfeld); risk-adjustment formalization attributed to Lisa Iezzoni and colleagues in health outcomes research (1990s) | Janet Lane-Claypon (early precursors, 1926); formalized by Brian MacMahon and Jerome Cornfield in the 1950s–1960s |
| प्रकार≠ | Observational epidemiological design with statistical adjustment | Observational analytic study design |
| मौलिक स्रोत≠ | Kelsey, J. L., Whittemore, A. S., Evans, A. S., & Thompson, W. D. (1996). Methods in Observational Epidemiology (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195083385 | Schlesselman, J.J. (1982). Case-Control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195027860 |
| उपनाम | risk-adjusted cross-sectional survey, case-mix adjusted cross-sectional study, standardized cross-sectional analysis, adjusted prevalence study | case-referent study, case-control design, retrospective case-control, case-control analysis |
| संबंधित≠ | 4 | 6 |
| सारांश≠ | A risk-adjusted cross-sectional epidemiological study measures the prevalence of health outcomes or exposures in a defined population at a single point in time, then applies statistical risk-adjustment methods — such as regression standardization, direct or indirect standardization, or propensity scoring — to remove the distorting influence of differences in patient case-mix across comparison groups. The approach is widely used in health services research, comparative effectiveness, and clinical quality assessment. | A case-control study is a retrospective observational design in which individuals who have developed a disease or outcome of interest (cases) are compared with individuals who have not (controls) to determine whether prior exposure to a putative risk factor differs between the two groups. The primary measure of association is the odds ratio, which approximates the relative risk when the outcome is rare. Case-control studies are especially efficient for investigating rare diseases and generating etiological hypotheses. |
| ScholarGateडेटासेट ↗ |
|
|