विधियों की तुलना करें
चुनी हुई विधियों की आमने-सामने समीक्षा करें; भिन्नता वाली पंक्तियाँ रेखांकित हैं।
| जोखिम-समायोजित केस-क्रॉसओवर डिज़ाइन× | केस-कंट्रोल अध्ययन× | |
|---|---|---|
| क्षेत्र | महामारी विज्ञान | महामारी विज्ञान |
| परिवार | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| उद्भव वर्ष≠ | 1991 (base design); risk-adjustment extensions from mid-1990s onward | 1950s (formal methodology); precursors in the 1920s |
| प्रवर्तक≠ | Malcolm Maclure (case-crossover base); extensions incorporating covariate risk adjustment developed in subsequent pharmacoepidemiology literature | Janet Lane-Claypon (early precursors, 1926); formalized by Brian MacMahon and Jerome Cornfield in the 1950s–1960s |
| प्रकार≠ | Observational analytic epidemiological design | Observational analytic study design |
| मौलिक स्रोत≠ | Maclure, M. (1991). The case-crossover design: a method for studying transient effects on the risk of acute events. American Journal of Epidemiology, 133(2), 144–153. DOI ↗ | Schlesselman, J.J. (1982). Case-Control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195027860 |
| उपनाम | adjusted case-crossover study, covariate-adjusted case-crossover, risk-controlled case-crossover, case-crossover with risk adjustment | case-referent study, case-control design, retrospective case-control, case-control analysis |
| संबंधित≠ | 4 | 6 |
| सारांश≠ | The risk-adjusted case-crossover design is a self-matched epidemiological method that compares a person's exposure during a brief hazard window immediately preceding an acute event to their exposure during one or more control windows from the same individual, while formally accounting for time-varying or time-fixed covariates that could confound the exposure-event relationship. By using each case as their own control, stable individual-level confounders are automatically cancelled, while covariate adjustment handles residual time-varying risks. | A case-control study is a retrospective observational design in which individuals who have developed a disease or outcome of interest (cases) are compared with individuals who have not (controls) to determine whether prior exposure to a putative risk factor differs between the two groups. The primary measure of association is the odds ratio, which approximates the relative risk when the outcome is rare. Case-control studies are especially efficient for investigating rare diseases and generating etiological hypotheses. |
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