विधियों की तुलना करें

	Randomization Test for Single-Case Designs	Single-Case Experimental Design
क्षेत्र	Disability Studies	Disability Studies
परिवार	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
उद्भव वर्ष	1980	2013
प्रवर्तक	Eugene S. Edgington; Patrick Onghena	Thomas R. Kratochwill and the What Works Clearinghouse single-case design panel
प्रकार	Permutation-based statistical inference for single-case designs	Within-subject experimental pipeline for evaluating interventions on individuals
मौलिक स्रोत	Edgington, E. S. (1980). Validity of Randomization Tests for One-Subject Experiments. Journal of Educational Statistics, 5(3), 235-251.	Kratochwill, T. R., Hitchcock, J. H., Horner, R. H., Levin, J. R., Odom, S. L., Rindskopf, D. M., & Shadish, W. R. (2013). Single-case intervention research design standards. Remedial and Special Education, 34(1), 26-38.
उपनाम	Single-Case Randomization Test, Edgington Randomization Test, Permutation Test for Single-Subject Designs, Single-Case Permutation Inference	Single-Subject Experimental Design, N-of-1 Experimental Design, Single-Case Research Design, SCED
संबंधित	2	3
सारांश	The randomization test for single-case experimental designs is a permutation-based procedure that yields a valid statistical p-value for an intervention effect in a single participant, provided that some experimentally controllable feature of the design — typically the moment the intervention begins or the order in which conditions are presented — was randomly determined before data were collected. Eugene Edgington showed in 1980 that this design-embedded randomization is what licenses inference: because the random assignment is the source of the test's probability statements, the procedure draws valid conclusions without assuming that the data are normally distributed or serially independent, two assumptions that single-case time-series data routinely violate. Edgington and Onghena's monograph established the modern framework, in which the observed test statistic is referred to the distribution of statistics generated by every admissible re-assignment of the data. In disability research, where interventions are often delivered to one person at a time and group designs are impractical, the randomization test provides a defensible significance test that complements visual analysis.	Single-case experimental design (SCED) is a family of rigorous within-subject experimental methodologies for evaluating whether an intervention causes change in an individual, widely used in rehabilitation, special education, and applied behavior analysis. Rather than averaging across a large sample, SCED measures a defined target behavior repeatedly across a baseline (A) phase and an intervention (B) phase, and infers a causal effect when the change is replicated at three or more different points in time within the same case. Internal validity is built into the design itself through systematic manipulation of the independent variable and repeated demonstrations of effect, not through a control group. The 2013 What Works Clearinghouse single-case design standards, formalized by Kratochwill and colleagues, codified what counts as a credible SCED, including requirements for systematic manipulation, at least three attempts to demonstrate an effect, and minimum data points per phase. SCED is the experimental backbone of evidence-based practice for individuals whose conditions, contexts, or low incidence make group designs impractical.