विधियों की तुलना करें

	संभावित नैदानिक सटीकता अध्ययन	स्क्रीनिंग परीक्षण मूल्यांकन
क्षेत्र	महामारी विज्ञान	महामारी विज्ञान
परिवार	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
उद्भव वर्ष	Formalized 2000s; practice dates to mid-20th century	1968 (Wilson-Jungner principles); statistical framework developed 1970s–2000s
प्रवर्तक	Established through STARD initiative (Bossuyt, Reitsma et al., 2000s)	Wilson & Jungner (WHO criteria, 1968); foundational work by Pepe, Altman, and others in statistical test evaluation
प्रकार	Observational / evaluative study design	Observational diagnostic / epidemiological evaluation design
मौलिक स्रोत	Bossuyt, P. M., Reitsma, J. B., Bruns, D. E., Gatsonis, C. A., Glasziou, P. P., Irwig, L., ... & Cohen, J. F. (2015). STARD 2015: an updated list of essential items for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies. BMJ, 351, h5527.	Wilson, J. M. G., & Jungner, G. (1968). Principles and Practice of Screening for Disease. World Health Organization. Public Health Papers No. 34.
उपनाम	prospective DTA study, prospective test accuracy study, forward-looking diagnostic study, prospective index test evaluation	screening study, screening performance evaluation, screening accuracy assessment, STE
संबंधित	6	6
सारांश	A prospective diagnostic accuracy study enrolls participants before any test results are known and follows them forward in time to evaluate how well an index test (the test under evaluation) distinguishes individuals with and without a target condition, using a reference standard applied independently. Key accuracy metrics include sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and the area under the ROC curve. The prospective design reduces many biases inherent in retrospective test evaluations.	Screening test evaluation is a systematic epidemiological approach for assessing whether a test or program can accurately and cost-effectively identify individuals with a condition before symptoms appear. It quantifies diagnostic performance metrics — sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and the ROC curve — and evaluates whether a screening program meets established public health criteria for adoption and harm-benefit balance.