विधियों की तुलना करें

	पूर्व-परीक्षण-पश्चात-परीक्षण प्रायोगिक अभिकल्पना	सोलोमन फोर-ग्रुप डिज़ाइन
क्षेत्र	प्रयोगात्मक अभिकल्प	प्रयोगात्मक अभिकल्प
परिवार	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
उद्भव वर्ष	1963 (formalized in Campbell & Stanley)	1949
प्रवर्तक	Donald T. Campbell and Julian C. Stanley	Richard L. Solomon
प्रकार	Experimental / quasi-experimental research design	True experimental design
मौलिक स्रोत	Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research. Rand McNally.	Solomon, R. L. (1949). An extension of control group design. Psychological Bulletin, 46(2), 137–150.
उपनाम	pretest-posttest design, before-after design, pre-post design, two-wave experimental design	Solomon design, four-group design, Solomon four-group control design, S4GD
संबंधित	5	5
सारांश	The pretest-posttest experimental design measures participants on the outcome variable before and after treatment, typically with random assignment to treatment and control groups. The difference between pre- and post-scores isolates the treatment effect from baseline variation, making this one of the most widely used frameworks in experimental and quasi-experimental research across education, psychology, medicine, and the social sciences.	The Solomon Four-Group Design extends the classic pretest-posttest control-group design by adding two groups that receive no pretest, enabling researchers to detect whether the pretest itself alters participants' responses to the treatment. Introduced by Richard L. Solomon in 1949, it remains the gold standard for isolating the independent effect of a pretest and for obtaining unbiased estimates of treatment efficacy.