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	Political Cynicism Scale	राजनीतिक विश्वास पैमाना
क्षेत्र	राजनीतिक मनोविज्ञान	राजनीतिक मनोविज्ञान
परिवार	Latent structure	Process / pipeline
उद्भव वर्ष	1961	1974
प्रवर्तक	Robert Agger, Marshall Goldstein & Stanley Pearl	Arthur H. Miller
प्रकार	Attitude scale for distrust of politics	Self-report
मौलिक स्रोत	Agger, R. E., Goldstein, M. N., & Pearl, S. A. (1961). Political Cynicism: Measurement and Meaning. The Journal of Politics, 23(3), 477-506.	Miller, A. H. (1974). Political issues and trust in government: 1964-1970. American Political Science Review, 68(3), 951-972.
उपनाम	Political Distrust Scale, Agger-Goldstein-Pearl Cynicism Measure, Cynicism Toward Government Scale, Political Disaffection Scale	PTS, Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES) Trust Module
संबंधित	3	3
सारांश	The Political Cynicism Scale measures the disposition to hold politicians and politics in disrepute, viewing officeholders as dishonest, self-serving, and unresponsive. First operationalized by Agger, Goldstein, and Pearl in 1961, the construct captures a generalized distrust distinct from disagreement with particular leaders or policies. Cynicism scales sit alongside political trust and efficacy as core measures of citizens' orientation toward the political system, and they figure prominently in debates, sharpened by Jack Citrin, over whether low trust reflects deep alienation from the regime or merely dissatisfaction with current incumbents.	The Political Trust Scale measures citizen confidence in government institutions, elected officials, and the political system's responsiveness and fairness. Pioneered by Miller (1974) and operationalized across comparative electoral studies (CSES Module 5), the scale captures both diffuse trust (in the political system generally) and specific trust (in particular institutions such as parliament or the executive). It is central to understanding democratic legitimacy, political engagement, and support for democratic institutions.