विधियों की तुलना करें
चुनी हुई विधियों की आमने-सामने समीक्षा करें; भिन्नता वाली पंक्तियाँ रेखांकित हैं।
| Policy Evaluation Difference-in-Differences× | अंतर-में-अंतर (डिफ-इन-डिफ)× | |
|---|---|---|
| क्षेत्र≠ | कारणात्मक अनुमान | अर्थमिति |
| परिवार | Regression model | Regression model |
| उद्भव वर्ष≠ | 1978-2009 | 1994 |
| प्रवर्तक≠ | Ashenfelter (1978); Heckman, LaLonde & Smith (1999); Imbens & Wooldridge (2009) | Card & Krueger (canonical 1994 application); Angrist & Pischke (textbook treatment) |
| प्रकार≠ | Quasi-experimental / policy evaluation | Causal inference / panel regression |
| मौलिक स्रोत≠ | Imbens, G. W., & Wooldridge, J. M. (2009). Recent Developments in the Econometrics of Program Evaluation. Journal of Economic Literature, 47(1), 5-86. DOI ↗ | Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J.-S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 978-0691120355 |
| उपनाम≠ | policy DiD, program evaluation DiD, policy impact DiD, DiD policy assessment | diff-in-diff, DiD, Farkların Farkı (Diff-in-Diff) |
| संबंधित≠ | 4 | 5 |
| सारांश≠ | Policy Evaluation DiD applies the difference-in-differences estimator specifically to assess the causal impact of government programs, regulations, or policy reforms. It compares outcome changes in a group exposed to the policy against a comparable untreated group, before and after the policy took effect, isolating the net policy effect from pre-existing trends and time-common shocks. | Difference-in-Differences is a causal-inference method that estimates the effect of an intervention by comparing how a treatment group and a control group change over time. Made famous by Card and Krueger's 1994 minimum-wage study and developed in Angrist and Pischke's Mostly Harmless Econometrics, it isolates the treatment effect as the difference between the two groups' before-after changes. |
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