विधियों की तुलना करें
चुनी हुई विधियों की आमने-सामने समीक्षा करें; भिन्नता वाली पंक्तियाँ रेखांकित हैं।
| Pilot pretest-posttest experimental design× | यादृच्छिक नियंत्रित परीक्षण (RCT)× | |
|---|---|---|
| क्षेत्र | प्रयोगात्मक अभिकल्प | प्रयोगात्मक अभिकल्प |
| परिवार≠ | Process / pipeline | Hypothesis test |
| उद्भव वर्ष≠ | 1963 (formal codification by Campbell & Stanley); pilot trials widely used from mid-20th century onward | 1948 |
| प्रवर्तक≠ | Donald T. Campbell and Julian C. Stanley (experimental design codification); pilot study concept widely credited to early 20th-century clinical trial practice | James Lind (early precursor, 1747); modern formulation: Austin Bradford Hill & Medical Research Council (1948) |
| प्रकार≠ | Experimental / feasibility design | Interventional comparative study |
| मौलिक स्रोत≠ | Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for research. In N. L. Gage (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Teaching (pp. 171–246). Rand McNally. link ↗ | Schulz, K.F., Altman, D.G., Moher, D., for the CONSORT Group (2010). CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomised Trials. BMJ, 340, c332. DOI ↗ |
| उपनाम | pilot pretest-posttest study, small-scale pretest-posttest trial, feasibility pretest-posttest design, pilot two-group pretest-posttest | RCT, randomised controlled trial, clinical trial, Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma (RCT) Tasarımı |
| संबंधित≠ | 1 | 7 |
| सारांश≠ | A pilot pretest-posttest experimental design is a small-scale, preliminary study that applies a pretest-posttest measurement framework to a limited sample before a full-scale experiment. Its primary goals are to assess the feasibility of procedures, estimate effect sizes for power analysis, identify instrument problems, and uncover logistical barriers — all before committing to the cost and scale of a definitive trial. It combines the internal-validity advantages of repeated measurement with the pragmatic scope of a pilot study. | A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the gold standard experimental design in clinical and health research, in which participants are randomly allocated to a treatment group or a control group so that the effect of an intervention can be measured with the highest possible degree of internal validity. The modern parallel-group RCT was formalized by Austin Bradford Hill and the Medical Research Council in their landmark streptomycin trial of 1948, and its reporting is governed today by the CONSORT 2010 guidelines (Schulz et al., 2010). |
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