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	पैनल सरल रैखिक प्रतिगमन	यादृच्छिक प्रभाव मॉडल (Random Effects Model)
क्षेत्र	सांख्यिकी	अर्थमिति
परिवार	Regression model	Regression model
उद्भव वर्ष	1986	2021
प्रवर्तक	Hsiao (1986); Baltagi (seminal textbook treatments)	Baltagi (textbook treatment); classical random-effects panel estimator
प्रकार	Linear regression (panel data)	Panel data regression
मौलिक स्रोत	Wooldridge, J. M. (2010). Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data (2nd ed.). MIT Press. ISBN: 978-0262232586	Baltagi, B. H. (2021). Econometric Analysis of Panel Data (6th ed.). Springer.
उपनाम	panel SLR, longitudinal simple regression, two-way panel simple regression, fixed-effects simple linear regression	random effects panel model, RE estimator, GLS random effects, Panel Veri — Rassal Etkiler Modeli
संबंधित	5	5
सारांश	Panel simple linear regression models a continuous outcome as a linear function of a single predictor using data that track the same entities (individuals, firms, countries) across multiple time periods. It separates within-entity variation from between-entity variation, enabling control for unobserved time-invariant characteristics that would confound a plain cross-sectional regression.	The Random Effects model is a panel-data regression that treats unobserved individual heterogeneity as a random component drawn from a common distribution, rather than a separate parameter for each unit. It is a standard estimator in panel econometrics, developed in textbook treatments such as Baltagi's Econometric Analysis of Panel Data (2021).