विधियों की तुलना करें

	पैनल डेटा प्रोपेन्सिटी स्कोर मैचिंग	पैनल डेटा फिक्स्ड इफेक्ट्स मॉडल
क्षेत्र	कारणात्मक अनुमान	अर्थमिति
परिवार	Regression model	Regression model
उद्भव वर्ष	1997-1998	2014
प्रवर्तक	Heckman, Ichimura & Todd	Hsiao (textbook treatment); within transformation of panel data
प्रकार	Matching / causal inference	Panel data regression
मौलिक स्रोत	Heckman, J. J., Ichimura, H., & Todd, P. (1998). Matching as an Econometric Evaluation Estimator. Review of Economic Studies, 65(2), 261-294.	Hsiao, C. (2014). Analysis of Panel Data (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
उपनाम	PSM with panel data, longitudinal PSM, panel PSM, difference-in-differences PSM	fixed effects model, within estimator, panel fixed-effects regression, Panel Veri — Sabit Etkiler Modeli
संबंधित	6	5
सारांश	Panel data propensity score matching combines the bias-reduction of PSM with the longitudinal structure of panel data, enabling causal estimation of treatment effects by matching treated and control units on observable pre-treatment characteristics and then differencing within matched pairs over time. Developed in the framework of Heckman, Ichimura, and Todd (1998), it is especially valuable when randomisation is infeasible and both selection on observables and time-varying confounding must be addressed simultaneously.	The Panel Data Fixed Effects model estimates relationships from panel data (the same units observed over several time periods) while controlling for unit- and/or time-specific effects, supporting causal inference. It is developed as the within estimator in standard treatments such as Hsiao's Analysis of Panel Data (2014).