विधियों की तुलना करें

	पैनल-आधारित सर्वेक्षण अनुसंधान	सर्वेक्षण अनुसंधान
क्षेत्र	अनुसंधान अभिकल्प	अनुसंधान अभिकल्प
परिवार	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
उद्भव वर्ष	Mid-20th century; formalized as a distinct design by the 1940s–1960s in sociological and economic research	Late 19th century; methodologically systematised 1940s–1960s
प्रवर्तक	Established through social science survey methodology; foundational reference: Kasprzyk et al. (1989)	Francis Galton, Charles Booth, and early social statisticians; systematised by Paul Lazarsfeld and colleagues at Columbia in the 1940s
प्रकार	Quantitative longitudinal observational design	Quantitative (and mixed) non-experimental design
मौलिक स्रोत	Kasprzyk, D., Duncan, G., Kalton, G., & Singh, M. P. (Eds.). (1989). Panel Surveys. Wiley. ISBN: 978-0471617143	Fowler, F. J. (2014). Survey Research Methods (5th ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1452259000
उपनाम	panel survey, longitudinal survey panel, repeated survey design, panel data survey	survey methodology, questionnaire research, survey design, survey study
संबंधित	5	4
सारांश	Panel-based survey research is a quantitative longitudinal design in which the same set of respondents — the panel — is surveyed with structured questionnaires at two or more distinct time points. By tracking the same individuals over time, the design captures intra-individual change, documents how outcomes evolve, and enables stronger causal inference than a single cross-sectional survey can provide. It is widely used in social science, economics, public health, and education research.	Survey research is a quantitative (and sometimes mixed-methods) design in which a researcher collects standardised self-report data from a sample drawn from a defined population, using a questionnaire or structured interview. It is the dominant non-experimental strategy for describing population characteristics, estimating prevalence, mapping attitude distributions, and testing bivariate or multivariate associations across social, behavioural, and health sciences.