विधियों की तुलना करें

	पैनल-आधारित सर्वेक्षण अनुसंधान	क्रॉस-सेक्शनल सर्वे रिसर्च
क्षेत्र	अनुसंधान अभिकल्प	अनुसंधान अभिकल्प
परिवार	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
उद्भव वर्ष	Mid-20th century; formalized as a distinct design by the 1940s–1960s in sociological and economic research	1930s–1950s (formalized with large-scale opinion and health surveys)
प्रवर्तक	Established through social science survey methodology; foundational reference: Kasprzyk et al. (1989)	Established through the social survey tradition (Bowley, Gallup, and others in the early-to-mid 20th century)
प्रकार	Quantitative longitudinal observational design	Quantitative non-experimental design
मौलिक स्रोत	Kasprzyk, D., Duncan, G., Kalton, G., & Singh, M. P. (Eds.). (1989). Panel Surveys. Wiley. ISBN: 978-0471617143	Fowler, F. J. (2009). Survey Research Methods (4th ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1412958929
उपनाम	panel survey, longitudinal survey panel, repeated survey design, panel data survey	cross-sectional survey, single-occasion survey, prevalence survey design, snapshot survey
संबंधित	5	4
सारांश	Panel-based survey research is a quantitative longitudinal design in which the same set of respondents — the panel — is surveyed with structured questionnaires at two or more distinct time points. By tracking the same individuals over time, the design captures intra-individual change, documents how outcomes evolve, and enables stronger causal inference than a single cross-sectional survey can provide. It is widely used in social science, economics, public health, and education research.	Cross-sectional survey research administers a structured questionnaire or interview to a representative sample of a population at one point in time. It is the workhorse design for estimating prevalence, describing group characteristics, and mapping associations among variables across a wide range of disciplines — from public health and education to marketing and political science.