विधियों की तुलना करें
चुनी हुई विधियों की आमने-सामने समीक्षा करें; भिन्नता वाली पंक्तियाँ रेखांकित हैं।
| आयोवा-नीदरलैंड्स सोशल कंपेरिजन ओरिएंटेशन स्केल× | सोशल मीडिया डिसऑर्डर स्केल× | |
|---|---|---|
| क्षेत्र | सोशल मीडिया मनोविज्ञान | सोशल मीडिया मनोविज्ञान |
| परिवार | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| उद्भव वर्ष≠ | 1999 | 2016 |
| प्रवर्तक≠ | Frederick X. Gibbons and Bram P. Buunk | Roos J. J. M. van den Eijnden, Jeroen S. Lemmens, and Patti M. Valkenburg |
| प्रकार | Self-report | Self-report |
| मौलिक स्रोत≠ | Gibbons, F. X., & Buunk, B. P. (1999). Individual differences in social comparison: Development of a scale of social comparison orientation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(1), 129–142. DOI ↗ | van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M., Lemmens, J. S., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2016). The social media disorder scale. Computers in Human Behavior, 61, 481–490. DOI ↗ |
| उपनाम≠ | INCOM, Gibbons-Buunk | SMD Scale |
| संबंधित | 4 | 4 |
| सारांश≠ | The Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure (INCOM) is an 11-item self-report scale that assesses individual differences in the tendency to engage in social comparison—comparing oneself to others on abilities, attributes, and outcomes. Developed by Gibbons and Buunk in 1999, it captures both upward comparison (to those perceived as superior) and downward comparison (to those perceived as inferior), providing a trait-like measure of this fundamental social motivation. | The Social Media Disorder Scale (SMD Scale) is a 9-item self-report measure developed by van den Eijnden and colleagues in 2016 to assess problematic social media use characterized by loss of control, withdrawal, tolerance, and conflict—mirroring criteria from behavioral addiction frameworks. It identifies individuals whose engagement with social media platforms has reached clinically concerning levels that interfere with daily functioning. |
| ScholarGateडेटासेट ↗ |
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