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	आयोवा-नीदरलैंड्स सोशल कंपेरिजन ओरिएंटेशन स्केल	Social Comparison Scale (Online Contexts)
क्षेत्र	सोशल मीडिया मनोविज्ञान	सोशल मीडिया मनोविज्ञान
परिवार	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
उद्भव वर्ष	1999	2015
प्रवर्तक	Frederick X. Gibbons and Bram P. Buunk	Various researchers (Vogel, Wang, Suls & Wheeler)
प्रकार	Self-report	Self-report
मौलिक स्रोत	Gibbons, F. X., & Buunk, B. P. (1999). Individual differences in social comparison: Development of a scale of social comparison orientation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(1), 129–142.	Wang, J. L., Wang, H. Z., Gaskin, J., & Wang, S. (2015). The role of stress and motivation in social networking sites adoption: From a perspective of uses and gratifications theory. Computers in Human Behavior, 48, 24–32.
उपनाम	INCOM, Gibbons-Buunk	USCS, Social Comparison Orientation Online
संबंधित	4	4
सारांश	The Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure (INCOM) is an 11-item self-report scale that assesses individual differences in the tendency to engage in social comparison—comparing oneself to others on abilities, attributes, and outcomes. Developed by Gibbons and Buunk in 1999, it captures both upward comparison (to those perceived as superior) and downward comparison (to those perceived as inferior), providing a trait-like measure of this fundamental social motivation.	The Social Comparison Scale for online contexts measures the frequency and intensity with which individuals compare themselves to peers on social media platforms, with emphasis on upward comparison (to those perceived as superior in attractiveness, success, wealth). Developed and refined by researchers including Vogel and Wang in the 2010s, this scale specifically captures social media-driven comparison processes distinct from general social comparison orientation.