विधियों की तुलना करें

	अवलोकन संबंधी अध्ययन गुणवत्ता मूल्यांकन के लिए न्यूकैसल-ओटावा स्केल	GRADE साक्ष्य प्रोफाइलिंग: साक्ष्य की निश्चितता और अनुशंसा की शक्ति का आकलन
क्षेत्र	अनुसंधान पद्धति	अनुसंधान पद्धति
परिवार	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
उद्भव वर्ष	2000	2008
प्रवर्तक	Wells et al. (Ottawa Hospital Research Institute)	Guyatt et al. (GRADE Working Group)
प्रकार	Research team assessment	Research team / Guideline panel assessment
मौलिक स्रोत	Wells, G. A., Shea, B., O'Connell, D., Peterson, J., Welch, V., Losos, M., & Tugwell, P. (2000). The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. Retrieved from Ottawa Hospital Research Institute.	Guyatt, G., Oxman, A. D., Vist, G. E., Kunz, R., Falck-Ytter, Y., Alonso-Coello, P., & Schünemann, H. J. (2008). GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ, 336(7650), 924–926.
उपनाम	NOS	GRADE, GRADE approach
संबंधित	4	4
सारांश	The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) is a widely used tool for assessing the methodological quality of observational studies (case-control and cohort designs) included in systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Developed by Wells et al. at Ottawa Hospital in 2000, it provides explicit criteria and a star-based scoring system that enables transparent, quantitative comparison of study quality across evidence syntheses.	GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) is a systematic, transparent framework for assessing the certainty of evidence and determining the strength of clinical recommendations in healthcare. Published in 2008 by Guyatt et al., GRADE has become the international standard for guideline development, used by the World Health Organization, Cochrane, and most major clinical guideline organizations worldwide.