विधियों की तुलना करें

	नेटवर्क अर्थमिति (सहकर्मी प्रभाव)	कारण अनुमान के लिए वाद्य चर (IV) विधि
क्षेत्र	अर्थमिति	स्वास्थ्य अर्थशास्त्र
परिवार	Regression model	Process / pipeline
उद्भव वर्ष	2009	1990s (modern applications)
प्रवर्तक	Yann Bramoullé, Habiba Djebbari & Bernard Fortin	Angrist & Pischke (applied econometrics); rooted in econometric theory
प्रकार	Linear-in-means peer effects regression	Method
मौलिक स्रोत	Bramoullé, Y., Djebbari, H., & Fortin, B. (2009). Identification of peer effects through social networks. Journal of Econometrics, 150(1), 41–55.	Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J. S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
उपनाम	Social Interactions Model, Peer Effects Model, Social Network Regression, Ağ Ekonometrisi	IV, two-stage least squares, TSLS, causal estimation
संबंधित	3	3
सारांश	Network econometrics estimates how individuals' outcomes are causally shaped by the behaviour and characteristics of their social-network neighbours. Formalised by Bramoullé, Djebbari, and Fortin (2009), the framework embeds a row-normalised adjacency matrix into a linear regression, separating endogenous peer effects (imitation of outcomes), exogenous contextual effects (influence of neighbours' attributes), and correlated effects (shared environment), while using network topology to construct valid instruments.	Instrumental variables (IV) is an econometric method to estimate causal effects when treatment or exposure is not randomly assigned and confounding is severe or unmeasured. IV relies on a third variable (instrument) that influences treatment but does not directly affect the outcome, allowing researchers to isolate the causal effect from the noise of confounding. Developed extensively in econometrics (Angrist & Pischke, 1990s–2000s), IV methods are increasingly used in health economics and health services research to leverage natural experiments and policy changes.