विधियों की तुलना करें

	बहुस्तरीय पैमाना विकास	Multilevel CFA
क्षेत्र	मनोमिति	मनोमिति
परिवार	Latent structure	Latent structure
उद्भव वर्ष	1990s–2000s	1994
प्रवर्तक	Raudenbush, Bryk, Hox and colleagues	Bengt O. Muthen
प्रकार	Hierarchical measurement / scale construction	Latent variable model / measurement model
मौलिक स्रोत	Hox, J. J. (2010). Multilevel Analysis: Techniques and Applications (2nd ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1848728462	Muthen, B. O. (1994). Multilevel covariance structure analysis. Sociological Methods & Research, 22(3), 376–398.
उपनाम	multilevel measurement modeling, hierarchical scale development, MLSEM scale construction, nested data scale development	MCFA, multilevel measurement model, two-level CFA, hierarchical CFA
संबंधित	5	6
सारांश	Multilevel scale development constructs and validates measurement instruments for data collected from individuals nested within higher-level units such as classrooms, organizations, or clinics. It partitions item variance into within-group and between-group components, ensuring that reliability and factor structure are evaluated at both levels simultaneously.	Multilevel confirmatory factor analysis tests a pre-specified factor structure while simultaneously accounting for the non-independence of observations caused by clustered data. It decomposes item variance into within-group and between-group components, fitting a separate measurement model at each level, making it the standard tool for validating psychometric scales administered within natural groups such as classrooms, clinics, or organisations.