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	बहुस्तरीय विभेदक वैधता	पुष्टिकारीय कारक विश्लेषण (CFA)
क्षेत्र	मनोमिति	मनोमिति
परिवार	Latent structure	Latent structure
उद्भव वर्ष	2005	1969
प्रवर्तक	Dyer, Hanges, & Hall; Chen, Sousa, & West	Karl Gustav Jöreskog
प्रकार	Validity evaluation within multilevel CFA	Hypothesis-testing latent variable model
मौलिक स्रोत	Dyer, N. G., Hanges, P. J., & Hall, R. J. (2005). Applying multilevel confirmatory factor analysis techniques to the study of leadership. Leadership Quarterly, 16(1), 149–167.	Jöreskog, K. G. (1969). A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 34(2), 183–202.
उपनाम	multilevel DV, cross-level discriminant validity, hierarchical discriminant validity, ML-DV	CFA, confirmatory FA, measurement model, restricted factor analysis
संबंधित	5	4
सारांश	Multilevel discriminant validity evaluates whether theoretically distinct constructs are empirically separable when data are nested within higher-level units such as teams, schools, or organizations. It extends single-level discriminant validity checks into a multilevel confirmatory factor analysis framework, verifying that constructs are distinguishable both within and between levels simultaneously.	Confirmatory factor analysis tests a researcher-specified factor structure against observed data. Unlike exploratory approaches, the researcher decides in advance which indicators load on which latent factor, and the model is evaluated by how closely the implied covariance matrix reproduces the sample covariance matrix. CFA is central to scale validation, construct validity assessment, and measurement invariance testing.