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	बहु-अवधि फजी रिग्रेशन डिसकंटीन्यूइटी डिज़ाइन	बहु-अवधि अंतर-में-अंतर (अस्थिर DiD)
क्षेत्र	कारणात्मक अनुमान	कारणात्मक अनुमान
परिवार	Regression model	Regression model
उद्भव वर्ष	2001 (fuzzy RD); multi-period extension ~2010s	2021
प्रवर्तक	Hahn, Todd & Van der Klaauw (foundational fuzzy RD, 2001); extended to multi-period settings by Cattaneo, Idrobo & Titiunik and subsequent applied literature	Callaway & Sant'Anna; Goodman-Bacon
प्रकार	Quasi-experimental causal inference	Causal inference / panel regression
मौलिक स्रोत	Hahn, J., Todd, P., & Van der Klaauw, W. (2001). Identification and Estimation of Treatment Effects with a Regression-Discontinuity Design. Review of Economic Studies, 68(1), 201-209.	Callaway, B., & Sant'Anna, P. H. C. (2021). Difference-in-differences with multiple time periods. Journal of Econometrics, 225(2), 200-230.
उपनाम	multi-period fuzzy RDD, fuzzy RD with repeated assignment, multi-wave fuzzy RD, staggered fuzzy RDD	staggered DiD, multi-period DiD, staggered difference-in-differences, heterogeneous timing DiD
संबंधित	4	5
सारांश	Multi-period fuzzy regression discontinuity design estimates a local average treatment effect when a cutoff rule only partially determines treatment — that is, crossing the threshold raises the probability of treatment but does not guarantee it — and when this assignment process is observed across two or more time periods or cohorts, enabling pooled or period-specific causal estimates under repeated near-threshold comparisons.	Multi-period Difference-in-Differences extends the classic two-period DiD framework to settings where units adopt treatment at different points in time. Formalised by Callaway and Sant'Anna (2021) and Goodman-Bacon (2021), it decomposes the overall treatment effect into group-time average treatment effects and addresses the bias that arises when conventional two-way fixed-effects regressions are applied to staggered adoption designs.