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	बहु-स्तरीय विशिष्ट मामला नमूनाकरण (Multi-level Typical Case Sampling)	बहु-स्तरीय क्लस्टर सैंपलिंग
क्षेत्र	सर्वेक्षण पद्धति	सर्वेक्षण पद्धति
परिवार	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
उद्भव वर्ष	1990s–2000s	1950s-1970s (cluster sampling); multilevel extension formalized 1980s-1990s
प्रवर्तक	Draws on Patton (typical case sampling) and multilevel research traditions (Hox, Raudenbush)	W. G. Cochran (cluster sampling foundations); extended into multilevel contexts by survey methodologists
प्रकार	Purposive sampling strategy	Probability sampling design
मौलिक स्रोत	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761919711	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0471162407
उपनाम	multilevel typical case selection, hierarchical typical case sampling, nested typical case sampling	hierarchical cluster sampling, nested cluster sampling, multi-stage cluster sampling, clustered multilevel sampling
संबंधित	6	6
सारांश	Multi-level typical case sampling is a purposive strategy that selects representative, average-profile units at each level of a hierarchical structure — for example, typical classrooms within typical schools, or typical employees within typical departments. It is used when the research goal is to describe or illustrate the ordinary functioning of a nested phenomenon rather than to capture its extremes or full variation.	Multi-level cluster sampling is a probability sampling design for hierarchically structured populations — such as students nested within classrooms within schools within districts. Clusters are randomly selected at each level of the hierarchy before individual units are sampled within the final-level clusters. The design mirrors the natural nesting of real-world populations and enables efficient large-scale data collection while supporting multilevel statistical analysis.