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	मोबाइल सर्वेक्षण	Longitudinal Survey
क्षेत्र	सर्वेक्षण पद्धति	सर्वेक्षण पद्धति
परिवार	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
उद्भव वर्ष	Late 2000s–2010s (accelerated with smartphone adoption, ~2007–2015)	1940s (panel survey tradition); longitudinal designs codified mid-20th century
प्रवर्तक	Emerged from web survey methodology researchers (Couper, Buskirk, Toepoel, and others)	Established tradition; formalized in social science by Paul Lazarsfeld and colleagues (1940s panel studies)
प्रकार	Quantitative / mixed data collection technique	Quantitative / mixed-methods survey design
मौलिक स्रोत	Toepoel, V., & Lugtig, P. (2014). What happens if you offer a mobile option to your web panel? Evidence from a probability-based panel of internet users. Social Science Computer Review, 32(4), 544–560.	Menard, S. (2002). Longitudinal Research (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761922292
उपनाम	smartphone survey, mobile web survey, mobile questionnaire, m-survey	panel survey, repeated-measures survey, longitudinal panel study, wave survey
संबंधित	6	3
सारांश	A mobile survey is a self-report questionnaire designed and administered through smartphones or tablets, either via a mobile-optimized web browser or a dedicated app. As mobile devices became the dominant mode of internet access globally, surveys must be built for small screens, touch interaction, and variable connectivity. Mobile surveys are used across social science, public health, market research, and organizational studies when reaching respondents in their natural, everyday context is a priority.	A longitudinal survey collects structured questionnaire data from the same individuals or units at two or more distinct points in time. By tracking the same respondents across waves, researchers can distinguish genuine change from stable individual differences, establish temporal ordering between variables, and model trajectories of attitudes, behaviors, or outcomes in ways that a single cross-sectional snapshot cannot support.