विधियों की तुलना करें

	मल्टीपल-इनपुट मल्टीपल-आउटपुट (MIMO)	ऑर्थोगोनल फ्रीक्वेंसी डिवीजन मल्टीप्लेक्सिंग (ओएफडीएम)	ओकुमुरा-हाटा पथ हानि भविष्यवाणी मॉडल
क्षेत्र	दूरसंचार	दूरसंचार	दूरसंचार
परिवार	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
उद्भव वर्ष	1995	1971	1968
प्रवर्तक	Telatar, Foschini, and Gans	Weinstein and Ebert	Masahiro Okumura and Masahiro Hata
प्रकार	spatial multiplexing technique	multicarrier modulation scheme	empirical path loss model
मौलिक स्रोत	Telatar, I. (1999). Capacity of multi-antenna Gaussian channels. European Transactions on Telecommunications, 10(6), 585-595.	Weinstein, S. B., & Ebert, P. M. (1971). Data transmission by frequency-division multiplexing using the discrete Fourier transform. IEEE Transactions on Communication Technology, 19(5), 628-634.	Okumura, Y., Ohmori, E., Kawano, T., & Fukuda, K. (1968). Field strength and its variability in VHF and UHF land mobile radio service. Review of the Electrical Communication Laboratory, 16(9-10), 825-873.
उपनाम	spatial multiplexing, antenna diversity	multicarrier modulation	path loss model, propagation prediction
संबंधित	5	5	4
सारांश	MIMO is a technique that uses multiple transmit and receive antennas to significantly increase channel capacity and reliability. Pioneered theoretically by Telatar (1999) and Foschini & Gans (1998), MIMO exploits multipath propagation—typically a liability in wireless—as an asset by creating independent spatial channels. It is now fundamental to all modern wireless systems including LTE, WiFi-6, and 5G, where it provides both capacity gains through spatial multiplexing and robustness through diversity.	OFDM is a multicarrier modulation technique that divides a wideband channel into many narrowband orthogonal subcarriers. Introduced by Weinstein and Ebert in 1971, it exploits the duality between time and frequency domains to efficiently use spectrum while mitigating intersymbol interference in frequency-selective channels. OFDM is now the standard for high-speed wireless systems including WiFi, cellular LTE, and digital broadcasting.	The Okumura-Hata model is an empirical propagation model for predicting path loss in mobile radio systems. Developed by Okumura (1968) and mathematically formalized by Hata (1980), it is one of the most widely used models for cellular network planning. The model predicts median path loss as a function of frequency, distance, and antenna heights, with environment-specific correction factors. Despite its age, the Okumura-Hata model remains a standard in 2G/3G planning and is often used as a baseline for more sophisticated models.