विधियों की तुलना करें

	मिलान पारिस्थितिक अध्ययन	मिलानित केस-कंट्रोल अध्ययन
क्षेत्र	महामारी विज्ञान	महामारी विज्ञान
परिवार	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
उद्भव वर्ष	1970s–1990s (methodological consolidation)	1950s–1970s
प्रवर्तक	Extension of classical ecological study design; matching principles formalized in 20th-century epidemiology	Brian MacMahon and others; systematised by Schlesselman (1982)
प्रकार	Observational study design	Observational analytic design
मौलिक स्रोत	Morgenstern, H. (1998). Ecologic studies in epidemiology: Concepts, principles, and methods. Annual Review of Public Health, 16, 61–81.	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755474
उपनाम	matched ecologic study, geographically matched ecological study, area-matched ecological design, matched aggregate study	matched case-referent study, individually matched case-control, pair-matched case-control, matched case-control design
संबंधित	6	5
सारांश	A matched ecological study is an observational epidemiological design in which aggregate units — such as geographic areas, communities, or time periods — are systematically paired or matched on key characteristics before comparing exposure and outcome rates. Matching at the group level controls for area-level confounders and improves comparability between exposed and unexposed units, producing more credible estimates of ecological associations than an unmatched counterpart.	A matched case-control study is an observational epidemiological design in which each case (a person with the disease or outcome of interest) is paired with one or more controls (persons without the outcome) who share one or more characteristics — such as age, sex, or clinical setting — to control confounding. Exposure history is then compared between cases and their matched controls to estimate the odds ratio of the exposure-disease association.