विधियों की तुलना करें

	Longitudinal Survey	Repeated-measures ANOVA
क्षेत्र	सर्वेक्षण पद्धति	सांख्यिकी
परिवार	Process / pipeline	Hypothesis test
उद्भव वर्ष	1940s (panel survey tradition); longitudinal designs codified mid-20th century	1992
प्रवर्तक	Established tradition; formalized in social science by Paul Lazarsfeld and colleagues (1940s panel studies)	Girden (textbook treatment); Field (2013)
प्रकार	Quantitative / mixed-methods survey design	Parametric within-subjects mean comparison
मौलिक स्रोत	Menard, S. (2002). Longitudinal Research (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761922292	Field, A. (2013). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics (4th ed., Ch. 14). SAGE. ISBN: 978-1446249185
उपनाम	panel survey, repeated-measures survey, longitudinal panel study, wave survey	within-subjects ANOVA, repeated measures analysis of variance, rm-ANOVA, Tekrarlı Ölçüm ANOVA
संबंधित	3	4
सारांश	A longitudinal survey collects structured questionnaire data from the same individuals or units at two or more distinct points in time. By tracking the same respondents across waves, researchers can distinguish genuine change from stable individual differences, establish temporal ordering between variables, and model trajectories of attitudes, behaviors, or outcomes in ways that a single cross-sectional snapshot cannot support.	Repeated-measures ANOVA is a parametric hypothesis test that compares three or more measurements taken from the same individuals — typically across time points or conditions — to decide whether their means differ. It extends one-way ANOVA to within-subjects designs, as treated in standard references such as Girden (1992) and Field (2013).