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	दीर्घकालिक पुष्टिकारी कारक विश्लेषण (Longitudinal Confirmatory Factor Analysis)	मापन निश्चरता परीक्षण
क्षेत्र	मनोमिति	मनोमिति
परिवार	Latent structure	Latent structure
उद्भव वर्ष	1970s–1990s	2000
प्रवर्तक	Karl Jöreskog (CFA framework); longitudinal extension by Wheaton, Muthén, and Alwin in the 1970s–1990s	Vandenberg & Lance
प्रकार	Longitudinal latent variable / measurement model	Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis procedure
मौलिक स्रोत	Widaman, K. F. & Reise, S. P. (1997). Exploring the measurement invariance of psychological instruments: Applications in the substance use domain. In K. J. Bryant, M. Windle & S. G. West (Eds.), The science of prevention: Methodological advances from alcohol and substance abuse research (pp. 281–324). American Psychological Association.	Vandenberg, R. J., & Lance, C. E. (2000). A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature. Organizational Research Methods, 3(1), 4–70.
उपनाम	longitudinal CFA, repeated-measures CFA, longitudinal measurement model, panel CFA	Factorial Invariance, Measurement Equivalence, Configural-Metric-Scalar Testing, Ölçüm Değişmezliği
संबंधित	6	3
सारांश	Longitudinal confirmatory factor analysis (longitudinal CFA) applies a theoretically specified measurement model to data collected at two or more time points. Its primary purpose is to verify that a scale measures the same latent construct in the same way over time — a prerequisite for drawing valid conclusions about change from repeated-measures data.	Measurement invariance testing is a sequence of nested confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models that examines whether a psychological scale measures the same latent construct in the same way across distinct groups or time points. Systematized and popularized by Vandenberg and Lance (2000), the procedure tests a hierarchy of constraints — from identical factor patterns to identical item intercepts — so that researchers can justify meaningful group comparisons on latent means.