विधियों की तुलना करें

	शाब्दिक प्रतिस्थापन	नामित इकाई पहचान (NER)
क्षेत्र	पाठ खनन	पाठ खनन
परिवार	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
उद्भव वर्ष	2007	—
प्रवर्तक	McCarthy & Navigli (SemEval shared task, 2007/2009)	—
प्रकार	NLP lexical-level text transformation	NLP sequence-labelling task
मौलिक स्रोत	McCarthy, D. & Navigli, R. (2009). The English Lexical Substitution Task. Language Resources and Evaluation, 43(2), 139-159.	Nadeau, D. & Sekine, S. (2007). A survey of named entity recognition. Lingvisticae Investigationes.
उपनाम	sözcüksel ikame, Sözcüksel İkame (Lexical Substitution), context-aware synonym replacement, word-level paraphrasing	NER, entity tagging, Adlandırılmış Varlık Tanıma (NER)
संबंधित	4	3
सारांश	Lexical substitution is a natural-language-processing task — formalised by McCarthy and Navigli through the SemEval shared task series starting in 2007 — that replaces a target word in a sentence with a semantically equivalent alternative that preserves the meaning of the surrounding context. It draws on synonym resources such as WordNet or on distributional word embeddings and masked language models to generate and rank candidate replacements, and is used for text robustness testing, style adaptation, and training-data augmentation.	Named entity recognition (NER) is a natural-language-processing task that automatically detects and labels entities in text — such as people, organisations, locations, and dates. Surveyed by Nadeau and Sekine (2007) and later advanced with neural architectures by Lample et al. (2016), it turns free-running text into tagged spans that downstream tools can use.