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	के-मीन्स क्लस्टरिंग	प्रिंसिपल कंपोनेंट एनालिसिस	वैरिएशन ऑटोएन्कोडर
क्षेत्र	मशीन अधिगम	मशीन अधिगम	गहन अधिगम
परिवार	Machine learning	Machine learning	Machine learning
उद्भव वर्ष	1967 (formalized 1982)	2002	2014
प्रवर्तक	MacQueen, J. B.; Lloyd, S. P.	Jolliffe, I.T. (textbook); Pearson & Hotelling (origins)	Kingma, D. P. & Welling, M.
प्रकार	Partitional clustering	Unsupervised dimensionality reduction	Deep generative latent-variable model (encoder–decoder)
मौलिक स्रोत	Lloyd, S. P. (1982). Least squares quantization in PCM. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 28(2), 129–137.	Jolliffe, I.T. (2002). Principal Component Analysis (2nd ed.). Springer.	Kingma, D. P. & Welling, M. (2014). Auto-Encoding Variational Bayes. International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR).
उपनाम	k-means clustering, Lloyd's algorithm, k-means partitioning, hard k-means	Temel Bileşenler Analizi (PCA), PCA, principal components analysis, Karhunen-Loève transform	Değişkensel Otokodlayıcı (VAE), VAE, auto-encoding variational Bayes, deep latent variable model
संबंधित	4	3	5
सारांश	K-means is a classic unsupervised partitional clustering algorithm that divides a dataset into K non-overlapping groups by iteratively assigning each observation to its nearest centroid and updating centroids as the mean of their assigned points. It is one of the most widely used exploratory tools in machine learning and data analysis.	Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is an unsupervised dimensionality-reduction method — given its modern textbook treatment by Ian Jolliffe (2002) — that compresses high-dimensional data into fewer dimensions while preserving the maximum possible variance. It re-expresses correlated variables as a small set of uncorrelated principal components ordered by how much of the data's variation each one captures.	The Variational Autoencoder (VAE) is a deep generative latent-variable model, introduced by Diederik Kingma and Max Welling in 2014, that encodes data as a probability distribution in a latent space and samples from that distribution to generate new examples. It is used for data generation, anomaly detection, and feature learning.