विधियों की तुलना करें

	अंतरसमूह संपर्क पैमाना	ज़ेनोफ़ोबिया स्केल (Xenophobia Scale)
क्षेत्र	राजनीतिक समाजशास्त्र	राजनीतिक समाजशास्त्र
परिवार	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
उद्भव वर्ष	1954–2008	2009–2016
प्रवर्तक	Gordon Allport, Thomas Pettigrew, Linda Tropp	Alin Ceobanu, Xavier Escandell, Elke Schlueter
प्रकार	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
मौलिक स्रोत	Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Addison-Wesley.	Ceobanu, A. M., & Escandell, X. (2010). Comparative analyses of public attitudes toward immigrants and immigration using multinational survey data: The European Social Survey. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36(6), 953-969.
उपनाम	ICS, Contact Quality Index	XS, Anti-Immigration Attitude Scale
संबंधित	5	5
सारांश	The Intergroup Contact Scale measures the quantity and quality of face-to-face interaction between members of different social groups (racial, ethnic, religious, national, or other categories). Rooted in Gordon Allport's contact hypothesis (1954), which proposed that prejudice decreases when groups interact under favorable conditions, the scale is fundamental in research on prejudice reduction, integration, and intergroup relations.	The Xenophobia Scale measures fear, discomfort, or prejudice toward foreign nationals and immigrants. Unlike immigration policy preferences (which can reflect economic or pragmatic considerations), xenophobia captures affective and attitudinal dimensions—emotional threat perception, negative stereotypes, and cultural distance. Developed by migration scholars including Ceobanu and Escandell, it is essential for understanding antiforeign sentiment and discriminatory attitudes across diverse contexts.