विधियों की तुलना करें
चुनी हुई विधियों की आमने-सामने समीक्षा करें; भिन्नता वाली पंक्तियाँ रेखांकित हैं।
| Heterogeneous treatment effect Placebo test× | अंतर-में-अंतर (डिफ-इन-डिफ)× | |
|---|---|---|
| क्षेत्र≠ | कारणात्मक अनुमान | अर्थमिति |
| परिवार | Regression model | Regression model |
| उद्भव वर्ष≠ | 2000s–2010s | 1994 |
| प्रवर्तक≠ | Rosenbaum (placebo test concept); Athey & Imbens (HTE estimation framework) | Card & Krueger (canonical 1994 application); Angrist & Pischke (textbook treatment) |
| प्रकार≠ | Validation / falsification test | Causal inference / panel regression |
| मौलिक स्रोत≠ | Imbens, G. W., & Rubin, D. B. (2015). Causal Inference for Statistics, Social, and Biomedical Sciences: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 978-0521885881 | Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J.-S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 978-0691120355 |
| उपनाम≠ | HTE placebo test, heterogeneous-effect placebo check, subgroup placebo test, CATE placebo validation | diff-in-diff, DiD, Farkların Farkı (Diff-in-Diff) |
| संबंधित≠ | 3 | 5 |
| सारांश≠ | A placebo test for heterogeneous treatment effects is a falsification strategy used to validate whether estimated variation in treatment effects across subgroups or covariate values is genuine rather than an artifact of model specification, overfitting, or coincidental patterns. By applying the same estimation procedure to pseudo-treatments, fake outcomes, or subgroups that logically should not differ, researchers check that observed heterogeneity reflects real causal variation. | Difference-in-Differences is a causal-inference method that estimates the effect of an intervention by comparing how a treatment group and a control group change over time. Made famous by Card and Krueger's 1994 minimum-wage study and developed in Angrist and Pischke's Mostly Harmless Econometrics, it isolates the treatment effect as the difference between the two groups' before-after changes. |
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