विधियों की तुलना करें
चुनी हुई विधियों की आमने-सामने समीक्षा करें; भिन्नता वाली पंक्तियाँ रेखांकित हैं।
| हॉस्पिटल एंग्जायटी एंड डिप्रेशन स्केल (HADS)× | महामारी विज्ञान अध्ययन केंद्र अवसाद पैमाना (CES-D)× | केसलर साइकोलॉजिकल डिस्ट्रेस स्केल-10 (K10)× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| क्षेत्र | नैदानिक मनोविज्ञान | नैदानिक मनोविज्ञान | नैदानिक मनोविज्ञान |
| परिवार | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| उद्भव वर्ष≠ | 1983 | 1977 | 2002 |
| प्रवर्तक≠ | Andrew S. Zigmond and Richard P. Snaith | Lenore Sawyer Radloff | Ronald C. Kessler and colleagues |
| प्रकार≠ | Anxiety and depression screening in medical populations | Community-based depression assessment | Non-specific psychological distress screening |
| मौलिक स्रोत≠ | Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67(6), 361-370. DOI ↗ | Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401. DOI ↗ | Kessler, R. C., Andrews, G., Colpe, L. Y., Hiripi, E., Mroczek, D. K., Normand, S. L., ... & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2002). Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychological Medicine, 32(6), 959-976. DOI ↗ |
| उपनाम≠ | HADS, HADS-A, HADS-D | CES-D, CESD | K10, K6, Kessler Scale |
| संबंधित≠ | 4 | 5 | 5 |
| सारांश≠ | The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a 14-item self-report instrument measuring anxiety and depression symptoms in medically ill populations. Developed by Zigmond and Snaith in 1983, the HADS was specifically designed for hospital and general medical settings where somatic symptoms of medical illness may confound assessment. It remains the standard anxiety-depression measure in medical, oncology, and cardiac populations worldwide. | The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a 20-item self-report instrument for measuring depressive symptoms in the general population. Developed by Lenore Radloff in 1977, the CES-D was designed for epidemiological research to rapidly identify depression in community samples. It remains a widely used measure in public health, aging research, and longitudinal cohort studies worldwide. | The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale-10 (K10) is a 10-item self-report measure of non-specific psychological distress and mental health problems. Developed by Kessler and colleagues in 2002, the K10 was designed as an ultra-brief screening instrument for population surveys and epidemiological research. A shorter 6-item version (K6) is also widely used for rapid case identification. |
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