विधियों की तुलना करें

	जीपीटी फाइन-ट्यूनिंग	लोरा और पीईएफटी	विजन ट्रांसफार्मर
क्षेत्र	गहन अधिगम	गहन अधिगम	गहन अधिगम
परिवार	Machine learning	Machine learning	Machine learning
उद्भव वर्ष	2019	2022	2021
प्रवर्तक	Radford, A. et al. (OpenAI)	Hu, E. J. et al.; Lester, B. et al.	Dosovitskiy, A. et al.
प्रकार	Fine-tuning of pretrained autoregressive language models	Parameter-efficient fine-tuning of large pretrained models	Transformer architecture for images (self-attention over patches)
मौलिक स्रोत	Radford, A., Wu, J., Child, R., Luan, D., Amodei, D. & Sutskever, I. (2019). Language Models are Unsupervised Multitask Learners. OpenAI Technical Report.	Hu, E. J. et al. (2022). LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models. ICLR.	Dosovitskiy, A. et al. (2021). An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale. ICLR.
उपनाम	GPT İnce Ayar ve Talimat Uyarlaması, GPT fine-tuning, instruction tuning, LLM fine-tuning	LoRA ve PEFT — Parametre Verimli İnce Ayar, Low-Rank Adaptation, parameter-efficient fine-tuning, prefix tuning	Görsel Transformer (ViT), görsel transformer, ViT, patch transformer for images
संबंधित	5	5	5
सारांश	GPT fine-tuning adapts pretrained autoregressive language models such as GPT-2/3/4 or LLaMA — introduced in OpenAI's 2019 work by Radford and colleagues — to domain-specific data or to instruction following via reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) or DPO. It is used for instruction following, domain adaptation, and generative tasks.	LoRA (Low-Rank Adaptation), introduced by Hu et al. in 2022, and the broader family of parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods adapt large pretrained language models to new tasks by training only a small number of extra parameters instead of every weight in the model. This makes fine-tuning possible with far less GPU memory and compute while leaving the original model largely untouched.	The Vision Transformer (ViT), introduced by Dosovitskiy and colleagues in 2021, splits an image into fixed-size patches, treats those patches as a sequence, and applies the Transformer self-attention mechanism to image classification. Given enough training data, it surpasses convolutional neural networks (CNNs).