विधियों की तुलना करें

	भौगोलिक प्रतिगमन विच्छिन्नता	इंटरैक्टिव फिक्स्ड इफेक्ट्स
क्षेत्र	अर्थमिति	अर्थमिति
परिवार	Regression model	Regression model
उद्भव वर्ष	2010	2009
प्रवर्तक	Melissa Dell and colleagues	Jushan Bai
प्रकार	Spatial quasi-experiment	Panel with latent structure
मौलिक स्रोत	Dell, M. (2018). The persistent effects of Peru's mining mita. Econometrica, 78(6), 1863-1911.	Bai, J. (2009). Panel data models with interactive fixed effects. Econometric Reviews, 28(4), 289-312.
उपनाम	Spatial RD, Geographic RDD	Factor models with individual heterogeneity
संबंधित	3	3
सारांश	Geographic Regression Discontinuity (GRD) is a quasi-experimental design that exploits sharp geographic boundaries—borders, policy boundaries, or natural features—to estimate causal effects. Introduced by Dell (2010) and others, it compares outcomes on either side of a boundary where treatment changes abruptly, leveraging the idea that units on opposite sides of a border are otherwise similar. This approach yields credible causal estimates for spatially localized policies, institutional changes, and natural phenomena.	Interactive Fixed Effects (IFE) extends standard fixed-effects panel models by allowing unit-specific intercepts to vary not just at the individual level but also with unobserved common time-varying factors. Introduced by Bai (2009), it models heterogeneity as the interaction of individual characteristics and common shocks, ideal for studying cross-sectional variation in how units respond to macro conditions. This framework dominates when common factors drive substantial heterogeneity.