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	सामान्यीकरण सिद्धांत (जी-सिद्धांत)	दो-पैरामीटर लॉजिस्टिक आईआरटी मॉडल (2PL)
क्षेत्र	मनोमिति	मनोमिति
परिवार	Latent structure	Latent structure
उद्भव वर्ष	1963	1980
प्रवर्तक	Lee J. Cronbach and colleagues	Frederic M. Lord
प्रकार	ANOVA-based variance-component framework	Item response model / latent trait model
मौलिक स्रोत	Brennan, R. L. (2001). Generalizability Theory. Springer.	Lord, F. M. (1980). Applications of Item Response Theory to Practical Testing Problems. Erlbaum.
उपनाम	Generalizability Theory, G-Study / D-Study framework, Genellenebilirlik Kuramı (G-Kuramı)	two-parameter logistic model, 2PL model, 2PL IRT — İki Parametreli Madde Tepki Modeli
संबंधित	6	6
सारांश	Generalizability Theory, developed by Lee J. Cronbach and colleagues in the 1960s and formalised by Brennan (2001), is an ANOVA-based framework that extends Classical Test Theory by decomposing observed score variance into multiple, separately identified sources of measurement error — such as raters, tasks, occasions, or items — rather than bundling all error into a single undifferentiated term.	The two-parameter logistic item response model, formalised by Frederic Lord (1980), describes the probability that a respondent answers a binary test item correctly as a smooth S-shaped function of the respondent's latent ability. By estimating a separate discrimination parameter for each item alongside a difficulty parameter, 2PL allows items to differ in how sharply they distinguish high- from low-ability respondents — making it the standard model for large-scale educational and psychological assessments.