विधियों की तुलना करें
चुनी हुई विधियों की आमने-सामने समीक्षा करें; भिन्नता वाली पंक्तियाँ रेखांकित हैं।
| फूरियर वेक्टर त्रुटि सुधार मॉडल (फूरियर VECM)× | फूरियर एआरडीएल सीमा परीक्षण× | |
|---|---|---|
| क्षेत्र | अर्थमिति | अर्थमिति |
| परिवार | Regression model | Regression model |
| उद्भव वर्ष≠ | 2004–2012 | 2001-2021 |
| प्रवर्तक≠ | Enders & Lee (2004/2012); extended to VECM by subsequent authors | Pesaran, Shin & Smith (ARDL foundation); Fourier extension by Nazlioglu and related authors |
| प्रकार≠ | Error-correction model with Fourier terms | Cointegration / bounds test |
| मौलिक स्रोत≠ | Enders, W., & Lee, J. (2012). A Unit Root Test Using a Fourier Series to Approximate Smooth Breaks. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 74(4), 574–599. DOI ↗ | Nazlioglu, S., Gormus, A., & Soytas, U. (2021). Oil prices and monetary policy in emerging markets: structural breaks, asymmetries, and Fourier approximations. Energy Economics, 95, 105119. link ↗ |
| उपनाम | Fourier VECM, Fourier-approximation VECM, smooth-break VECM, trigonometric VECM | Fourier ARDL, Fourier bounds testing, ARDL with Fourier approximation, F-ARDL cointegration test |
| संबंधित | 5 | 5 |
| सारांश≠ | The Fourier VECM augments the classical vector error correction model with low-frequency trigonometric terms — sine and cosine components — to capture smooth, gradual structural change in cointegrating relationships without specifying the number or timing of breaks in advance. It is used for multivariate cointegrated systems where long-run equilibria may shift gradually over time. | The Fourier ARDL bounds test augments the Pesaran-Shin-Smith cointegration framework with trigonometric (Fourier) terms that capture gradual, smooth structural breaks in the data-generating process. It tests for a long-run level relationship between variables without requiring the researcher to specify the number, timing, or form of structural breaks in advance. |
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