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	Dynamic Programming	पॉलिसी ग्रेडिएंट पद्धतियाँ
क्षेत्र	अनुकूलन	मशीन अधिगम
परिवार	Process / pipeline	Machine learning
उद्भव वर्ष	1957	1992
प्रवर्तक	Richard Bellman	Ronald Williams (REINFORCE); Sutton et al. (policy gradient theorem)
प्रकार	Exact combinatorial optimization via recursive decomposition	Policy-based reinforcement learning
मौलिक स्रोत	Bellman, R. (1957). Dynamic Programming. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 978-0-691-07951-6	Williams, R. J. (1992). Simple statistical gradient-following algorithms for connectionist reinforcement learning. Machine Learning, 8(3–4), 229–256.
उपनाम	DP, Bellman's Principle of Optimality, Recursive Optimization, Dinamik Programlama	REINFORCE, actor-critic, policy optimization, politika gradyanı
संबंधित	3	4
सारांश	Dynamic Programming (DP) is an exact optimization technique introduced by Richard Bellman in 1957 for solving multi-stage decision problems. It decomposes a complex problem into simpler, overlapping subproblems, solves each subproblem once, and stores the results to avoid redundant computation. Grounded in the Principle of Optimality, DP guarantees globally optimal solutions whenever the problem exhibits overlapping subproblems and optimal substructure.	Policy gradient methods are reinforcement-learning algorithms that optimize a parameterized policy directly by gradient ascent on the expected return, rather than learning action-values and acting greedily. Founded on Ronald Williams' 1992 REINFORCE algorithm and the policy gradient theorem of Sutton and colleagues (2000), they naturally handle stochastic and continuous action spaces and underpin modern actor-critic and deep-RL algorithms.